listen.go

// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

//go:build !unix || solaris

package caddy

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
	"slices"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"go.uber.org/zap"
)

func reuseUnixSocket(_, _ string) (any, error) {
	return nil, nil
}

func listenReusable(ctx context.Context, lnKey string, network, address string, config net.ListenConfig) (any, error) {
	var socketFile *os.File

	fd := slices.Contains([]string{"fd", "fdgram"}, network)
	if fd {
		socketFd, err := strconv.ParseUint(address, 0, strconv.IntSize)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file descriptor: %v", err)
		}

		func() {
			socketFilesMu.Lock()
			defer socketFilesMu.Unlock()

			socketFdWide := uintptr(socketFd)
			var ok bool

			socketFile, ok = socketFiles[socketFdWide]

			if !ok {
				socketFile = os.NewFile(socketFdWide, lnKey)
				if socketFile != nil {
					socketFiles[socketFdWide] = socketFile
				}
			}
		}()

		if socketFile == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid socket file descriptor: %d", socketFd)
		}
	}

	datagram := slices.Contains([]string{"udp", "udp4", "udp6", "unixgram", "fdgram"}, network)
	if datagram {
		sharedPc, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
			var (
				pc  net.PacketConn
				err error
			)
			if fd {
				pc, err = net.FilePacketConn(socketFile)
			} else {
				pc, err = config.ListenPacket(ctx, network, address)
			}
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			return &sharedPacketConn{PacketConn: pc, key: lnKey}, nil
		})
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return &fakeClosePacketConn{sharedPacketConn: sharedPc.(*sharedPacketConn)}, nil
	}

	sharedLn, _, err := listenerPool.LoadOrNew(lnKey, func() (Destructor, error) {
		var (
			ln  net.Listener
			err error
		)
		if fd {
			ln, err = net.FileListener(socketFile)
		} else {
			ln, err = config.Listen(ctx, network, address)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		return &sharedListener{Listener: ln, key: lnKey}, nil
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &fakeCloseListener{sharedListener: sharedLn.(*sharedListener), keepAlivePeriod: config.KeepAlive}, nil
}

// fakeCloseListener is a private wrapper over a listener that
// is shared. The state of fakeCloseListener is not shared.
// This allows one user of a socket to "close" the listener
// while in reality the socket stays open for other users of
// the listener. In this way, servers become hot-swappable
// while the listener remains running. Listeners should be
// re-wrapped in a new fakeCloseListener each time the listener
// is reused. This type is atomic and values must not be copied.
type fakeCloseListener struct {
	closed          int32 // accessed atomically; belongs to this struct only
	*sharedListener       // embedded, so we also become a net.Listener
	keepAlivePeriod time.Duration
}

type canSetKeepAlive interface {
	SetKeepAlivePeriod(d time.Duration) error
	SetKeepAlive(bool) error
}

func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
	// if the listener is already "closed", return error
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcl.closed) == 1 {
		return nil, fakeClosedErr(fcl)
	}

	// call underlying accept
	conn, err := fcl.sharedListener.Accept()
	if err == nil {
		// if 0, do nothing, Go's default is already set
		// and if the connection allows setting KeepAlive, set it
		if tconn, ok := conn.(canSetKeepAlive); ok && fcl.keepAlivePeriod != 0 {
			if fcl.keepAlivePeriod > 0 {
				err = tconn.SetKeepAlivePeriod(fcl.keepAlivePeriod)
			} else { // negative
				err = tconn.SetKeepAlive(false)
			}
			if err != nil {
				Log().With(zap.String("server", fcl.sharedListener.key)).Warn("unable to set keepalive for new connection:", zap.Error(err))
			}
		}
		return conn, nil
	}

	// since Accept() returned an error, it may be because our reference to
	// the listener (this fakeCloseListener) may have been closed, i.e. the
	// server is shutting down; in that case, we need to clear the deadline
	// that we set when Close() was called, and return a non-temporary and
	// non-timeout error value to the caller, masking the "true" error, so
	// that server loops / goroutines won't retry, linger, and leak
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcl.closed) == 1 {
		// we dereference the sharedListener explicitly even though it's embedded
		// so that it's clear in the code that side-effects are shared with other
		// users of this listener, not just our own reference to it; we also don't
		// do anything with the error because all we could do is log it, but we
		// explicitly assign it to nothing so we don't forget it's there if needed
		_ = fcl.sharedListener.clearDeadline()

		if netErr, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && netErr.Timeout() {
			return nil, fakeClosedErr(fcl)
		}
	}

	return nil, err
}

// Close stops accepting new connections without closing the
// underlying listener. The underlying listener is only closed
// if the caller is the last known user of the socket.
func (fcl *fakeCloseListener) Close() error {
	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcl.closed, 0, 1) {
		// There are two ways I know of to get an Accept()
		// function to return to the server loop that called
		// it: close the listener, or set a deadline in the
		// past. Obviously, we can't close the socket yet
		// since others may be using it (hence this whole
		// file). But we can set the deadline in the past,
		// and this is kind of cheating, but it works, and
		// it apparently even works on Windows.
		_ = fcl.sharedListener.setDeadline()
		_, _ = listenerPool.Delete(fcl.sharedListener.key)
	}
	return nil
}

// sharedListener is a wrapper over an underlying listener. The listener
// and the other fields on the struct are shared state that is synchronized,
// so sharedListener structs must never be copied (always use a pointer).
type sharedListener struct {
	net.Listener
	key        string // uniquely identifies this listener
	deadline   bool   // whether a deadline is currently set
	deadlineMu sync.Mutex
}

func (sl *sharedListener) clearDeadline() error {
	var err error
	sl.deadlineMu.Lock()
	if sl.deadline {
		switch ln := sl.Listener.(type) {
		case *net.TCPListener:
			err = ln.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
		}
		sl.deadline = false
	}
	sl.deadlineMu.Unlock()
	return err
}

func (sl *sharedListener) setDeadline() error {
	timeInPast := time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Minute)
	var err error
	sl.deadlineMu.Lock()
	if !sl.deadline {
		switch ln := sl.Listener.(type) {
		case *net.TCPListener:
			err = ln.SetDeadline(timeInPast)
		}
		sl.deadline = true
	}
	sl.deadlineMu.Unlock()
	return err
}

// Destruct is called by the UsagePool when the listener is
// finally not being used anymore. It closes the socket.
func (sl *sharedListener) Destruct() error {
	return sl.Listener.Close()
}

// fakeClosePacketConn is like fakeCloseListener, but for PacketConns,
// or more specifically, *net.UDPConn
type fakeClosePacketConn struct {
	closed            int32 // accessed atomically; belongs to this struct only
	*sharedPacketConn       // embedded, so we also become a net.PacketConn; its key is used in Close
}

func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) ReadFrom(p []byte) (n int, addr net.Addr, err error) {
	// if the listener is already "closed", return error
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcpc.closed) == 1 {
		return 0, nil, &net.OpError{
			Op:   "readfrom",
			Net:  fcpc.LocalAddr().Network(),
			Addr: fcpc.LocalAddr(),
			Err:  errFakeClosed,
		}
	}

	// call underlying readfrom
	n, addr, err = fcpc.sharedPacketConn.ReadFrom(p)
	if err != nil {
		// this server was stopped, so clear the deadline and let
		// any new server continue reading; but we will exit
		if atomic.LoadInt32(&fcpc.closed) == 1 {
			if netErr, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && netErr.Timeout() {
				if err = fcpc.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{}); err != nil {
					return
				}
			}
		}
		return
	}

	return
}

// Close won't close the underlying socket unless there is no more reference, then listenerPool will close it.
func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) Close() error {
	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&fcpc.closed, 0, 1) {
		_ = fcpc.SetReadDeadline(time.Now()) // unblock ReadFrom() calls to kick old servers out of their loops
		_, _ = listenerPool.Delete(fcpc.sharedPacketConn.key)
	}
	return nil
}

func (fcpc *fakeClosePacketConn) Unwrap() net.PacketConn {
	return fcpc.sharedPacketConn.PacketConn
}

// sharedPacketConn is like sharedListener, but for net.PacketConns.
type sharedPacketConn struct {
	net.PacketConn
	key string
}

// Destruct closes the underlying socket.
func (spc *sharedPacketConn) Destruct() error {
	return spc.PacketConn.Close()
}

// Unwrap returns the underlying socket
func (spc *sharedPacketConn) Unwrap() net.PacketConn {
	return spc.PacketConn
}

// Interface guards (see https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/3998)
var (
	_ (interface {
		Unwrap() net.PacketConn
	}) = (*fakeClosePacketConn)(nil)
)

// socketFiles is a fd -> *os.File map used to make a FileListener/FilePacketConn from a socket file descriptor.
var socketFiles = map[uintptr]*os.File{}

// socketFilesMu synchronizes socketFiles insertions
var socketFilesMu sync.Mutex