Term |
- Model |
+ NonRepresentativeSamplingBias |
Prefix |
ai |
Label |
- Model |
+ Non-Representative Sampling Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#Model |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#NonRepresentativeSamplingBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- ai:AI
- → dpv:Technology
+ | ai:DataBias
+ → ai:AIBias
+ → risk:Bias
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:isImplementedUsingTechnology
- |
-
+
@@ -790,7 +2135,7 @@ Model
Definition |
- Physical, mathematical or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, process or data |
+ Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative |
@@ -806,15 +2151,18 @@ Model
Date Created |
- 2024-05-17 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
-
+
+ Contributors |
+ Daniel Doherty |
+
See More: |
- section CORE in AI
+ | section BIAS in AI
|
@@ -999,13 +2347,62 @@ Properties
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@@ -1041,14 +2438,63 @@ External
+
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+
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+
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+
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@@ -1070,7 +2516,7 @@ External
Contributors
The following people have contributed to this vocabulary. The names are ordered alphabetically. The affiliations are informative do not represent formal endorsements. Affiliations may be outdated. The list is generated automatically from the contributors listed for defined concepts.
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.jsonld b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.jsonld
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa3dcffa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.jsonld
@@ -0,0 +1,1280 @@
+[
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataAggregationBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Data Aggregation Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#AIBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Data Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/guides",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/html/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/html"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Guides for Data Privacy Vocabulary"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/guides"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/guidance"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/primer",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/html/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/html"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Primer for Data Privacy Vocabulary"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/primer"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/guidance"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#NonRepresentativeSamplingBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Non-Representative Sampling Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-jsonld",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/ld+json"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai-owl.jsonld"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/vocabulary"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/examples",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/html/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/html"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Examples for Data Privacy Vocabulary"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/examples"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/guidance"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#EngineeringDecisionBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#AIBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Engineering Decision Bias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#ModelInteractionBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Model Interaction Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DistributedTrainingBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Distributed Training Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#FeatureEngineeringBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Feature Engineering Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#ModelExpressivenessBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#ModelInteractionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Model Expressiveness Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-html",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/html/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/html"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - HTML serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai-owl.html"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/specification"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#ModelBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Model Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#HyperparameterTuningBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Hyperparameter Tuning Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#AutomationBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#CognitiveBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Automation Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-ttl",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/turtle"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai-owl.ttl"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/vocabulary"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-n3",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/n3"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai-owl.n3"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/vocabulary"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#AlgorithmSelectionBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Algorithm Selection Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#InformativenessBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Informativeness Bias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/Profile",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) -- Version 2. Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Beatriz Esteves, Georg P. Krog, Paul Ryan, Delaram Golpayegani, Julian Flake https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13426"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@value": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema"
+ },
+ {
+ "@value": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "2024-05-31"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Delaram Golpayegani"
+ },
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Harshvardhan J. Pandit"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Extension to the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) providing concepts for representing information about AI technologies"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier": [
+ {
+ "@value": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "2024-05-31"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/copyright/document-license-2023/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/groups/cg/dpvcg/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi": [
+ {
+ "@value": "10.5281/zenodo.12505841"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status": [
+ {
+ "@value": "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/draft"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix": [
+ {
+ "@value": "ai"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri": [
+ {
+ "@value": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Label": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "AI"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionIRI": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/2.1-dev/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo": [
+ {
+ "@value": "2.1-dev"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasResource": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-jsonld"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/primer"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/guides"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-html"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/examples"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-n3"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-ttl"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-rdf"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/isProfileOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/tech/owl"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl"
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/media/logo.png"
+ }
+ ],
+ "https://schema.org/version": [
+ {
+ "@value": "2.1-dev"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#AIBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-18"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#Bias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "AI Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#MissingFeaturesAndLabelsBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk/owl#RiskConcept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Missing Features And Labels Bias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/owl#serialisation-rdf",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/rdf+xml"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - RDF/XML serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai-owl.rdf"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/vocabulary"
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.n3 b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.n3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..549c7d4d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.n3
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+@prefix ai-owl: .
+@prefix bibo: .
+@prefix dct: .
+@prefix foaf: .
+@prefix owl: .
+@prefix profile: .
+@prefix rdf: .
+@prefix rdfs: .
+@prefix risk-owl: .
+@prefix role: .
+@prefix schema: .
+@prefix skos: .
+@prefix sw: .
+@prefix vann: .
+@prefix xsd: .
+
+ai-owl:AIBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-18"^^xsd:date ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf risk-owl:Bias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "AI Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:AlgorithmSelectionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Algorithm Selection Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:AutomationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf risk-owl:CognitiveBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Automation Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DataAggregationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Aggregation Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DataBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:AIBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DistributedTrainingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Distributed Training Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:AIBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Engineering Decision Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:FeatureEngineeringBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Feature Engineering Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:HyperparameterTuningBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Hyperparameter Tuning Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:InformativenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Informativeness Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en .
+
+ai-owl:MissingFeaturesAndLabelsBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Missing Features And Labels Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:ModelBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:ModelExpressivenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:ModelInteractionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Expressiveness Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:ModelInteractionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Interaction Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:NonRepresentativeSamplingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Non-Representative Sampling Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-html a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - HTML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:specification .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-jsonld a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-n3 a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-rdf a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo rdf: ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - RDF/XML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-ttl a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Examples for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Guides for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Primer for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ai-owl: a owl:Ontology,
+ profile:Profile ;
+ dct:bibliographicCitation "Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) -- Version 2. Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Beatriz Esteves, Georg P. Krog, Paul Ryan, Delaram Golpayegani, Julian Flake https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13426" ;
+ dct:conformsTo ,
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core" ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:creator "Delaram Golpayegani"@en,
+ "Harshvardhan J. Pandit"@en ;
+ dct:description "Extension to the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) providing concepts for representing information about AI technologies"@en ;
+ dct:hasVersion ai-owl: ;
+ dct:identifier "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai" ;
+ dct:issued "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:license ;
+ dct:publisher ;
+ dct:source ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts"@en ;
+ bibo:doi "10.5281/zenodo.12505841" ;
+ bibo:status "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/draft" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "ai" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#" ;
+ rdfs:Label "AI"@en ;
+ owl:versionIRI ;
+ owl:versionInfo "2.1-dev" ;
+ profile:hasResource ai-owl:serialisation-html,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-jsonld,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-n3,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-rdf,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-ttl,
+ ,
+ ,
+ ;
+ profile:isProfileOf ,
+ ai-owl:,
+ ;
+ foaf:logo ;
+ schema:version "2.1-dev" .
+
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.rdf b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.rdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbcfed02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.rdf
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data
+ accepted
+ 2024-09-13
+ Daniel Doherty
+ Informativeness Bias
+
+ This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+
+ http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema
+ http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core
+
+ ai
+ 10.5281/zenodo.12505841
+ AI
+ 2.1-dev
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2.1-dev
+ Extension to the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) providing concepts for representing information about AI technologies
+ http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/draft
+
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2024-05-31
+ Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) -- Version 2. Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Beatriz Esteves, Georg P. Krog, Paul Ryan, Delaram Golpayegani, Julian Flake https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13426
+
+
+
+ Delaram Golpayegani
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit
+
+ AI Technology Concepts
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+ 2024-05-31
+
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ Non-Representative Sampling Bias
+ Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+ Daniel Doherty
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+
+ Algorithm Selection Bias
+ Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Data Bias
+ accepted
+ Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups
+ Daniel Doherty
+ 2024-09-13
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hyperparameter Tuning Bias
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ Daniel Doherty
+ Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model
+ accepted
+
+
+
+
+ Daniel Doherty
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution
+
+ Model Bias
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - HTML serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+ Model Expressiveness Bias
+
+
+
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+ Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ Daniel Doherty
+ Distributed Training Bias
+ Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space
+
+
+
+
+ Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system
+
+
+
+ 2024-09-18
+ Daniel Doherty
+ AI Bias
+ accepted
+
+
+
+
+ If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+ Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+ 2024-09-13
+ Missing Features And Labels Bias
+
+
+
+ accepted
+ 2024-09-13
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+ Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - RDF/XML serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation
+
+
+ Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ Daniel Doherty
+ Automation Bias
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Daniel Doherty
+ 2024-09-13
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ Data Aggregation Bias
+ Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems
+ accepted
+
+
+
+ Engineering Decision Bias
+ Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features
+ Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+ Daniel Doherty
+ Feature Engineering Bias
+ 2024-09-13
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model
+ accepted
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Guides for Data Privacy Vocabulary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Primer for Data Privacy Vocabulary
+
+
+
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+
+
+
+ Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions
+ Model Interaction Bias
+ Daniel Doherty
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Examples for Data Privacy Vocabulary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.ttl b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.ttl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..549c7d4d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias-owl.ttl
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+@prefix ai-owl: .
+@prefix bibo: .
+@prefix dct: .
+@prefix foaf: .
+@prefix owl: .
+@prefix profile: .
+@prefix rdf: .
+@prefix rdfs: .
+@prefix risk-owl: .
+@prefix role: .
+@prefix schema: .
+@prefix skos: .
+@prefix sw: .
+@prefix vann: .
+@prefix xsd: .
+
+ai-owl:AIBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-18"^^xsd:date ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf risk-owl:Bias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "AI Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:AlgorithmSelectionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Algorithm Selection Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:AutomationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf risk-owl:CognitiveBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Automation Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DataAggregationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Aggregation Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DataBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:AIBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:DistributedTrainingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Distributed Training Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:AIBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Engineering Decision Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:FeatureEngineeringBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Feature Engineering Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:HyperparameterTuningBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Hyperparameter Tuning Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:InformativenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Informativeness Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en .
+
+ai-owl:MissingFeaturesAndLabelsBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Missing Features And Labels Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:ModelBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:ModelExpressivenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:ModelInteractionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Expressiveness Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:ModelInteractionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Interaction Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:NonRepresentativeSamplingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ owl:Class,
+ risk-owl:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai-owl: ;
+ rdfs:subClassOf ai-owl:DataBias ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative"@en ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Non-Representative Sampling Bias"@en .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-html a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - HTML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:specification .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-jsonld a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-n3 a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-rdf a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo rdf: ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - RDF/XML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai-owl:serialisation-ttl a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Examples for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Guides for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Primer for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ai-owl: a owl:Ontology,
+ profile:Profile ;
+ dct:bibliographicCitation "Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) -- Version 2. Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Beatriz Esteves, Georg P. Krog, Paul Ryan, Delaram Golpayegani, Julian Flake https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13426" ;
+ dct:conformsTo ,
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core" ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:creator "Delaram Golpayegani"@en,
+ "Harshvardhan J. Pandit"@en ;
+ dct:description "Extension to the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) providing concepts for representing information about AI technologies"@en ;
+ dct:hasVersion ai-owl: ;
+ dct:identifier "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai" ;
+ dct:issued "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:license ;
+ dct:publisher ;
+ dct:source ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts"@en ;
+ bibo:doi "10.5281/zenodo.12505841" ;
+ bibo:status "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/draft" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "ai" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#" ;
+ rdfs:Label "AI"@en ;
+ owl:versionIRI ;
+ owl:versionInfo "2.1-dev" ;
+ profile:hasResource ai-owl:serialisation-html,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-jsonld,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-n3,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-rdf,
+ ai-owl:serialisation-ttl,
+ ,
+ ,
+ ;
+ profile:isProfileOf ,
+ ai-owl:,
+ ;
+ foaf:logo ;
+ schema:version "2.1-dev" .
+
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.csv b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.csv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b7b5b2a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+term,type,iri,label,definition,dpvtype,subclassof,hasbroader,scopenote,created,modified,vocab,namespace
+AIBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AIBias,AI Bias,"Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Bias,,2024-09-18,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+AlgorithmSelectionBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AlgorithmSelectionBias,Algorithm Selection Bias,Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+AutomationBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AutomationBias,Automation Bias,"Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#CognitiveBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+DataAggregationBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataAggregationBias,Data Aggregation Bias,Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+DataBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias,Data Bias,Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AIBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias,Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias,Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+DistributedTrainingBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DistributedTrainingBias,Distributed Training Bias,Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+EngineeringDecisionBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias,Engineering Decision Bias,"Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AIBias,Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+FeatureEngineeringBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#FeatureEngineeringBias,Feature Engineering Bias,"Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+HyperparameterTuningBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#HyperparameterTuningBias,Hyperparameter Tuning Bias,"Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+InformativenessBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#InformativenessBias,Informativeness Bias,"Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias,"This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data",2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+MissingFeaturesAndLabelsBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#MissingFeaturesAndLabelsBias,Missing Features And Labels Bias,Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias,If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+ModelBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#ModelBias,Model Bias,"Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+ModelExpressivenessBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#ModelExpressivenessBias,Model Expressiveness Bias,Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#ModelInteractionBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+ModelInteractionBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#ModelInteractionBias,Model Interaction Bias,Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions,https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+NonRepresentativeSamplingBias,class,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#NonRepresentativeSamplingBias,Non-Representative Sampling Bias,"Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative",https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept,,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias,,2024-09-13,,ai,https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.jsonld b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.jsonld
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02d142d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.jsonld
@@ -0,0 +1,1358 @@
+[
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#serialisation-jsonld",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/ld+json"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
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+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai.jsonld"
+ }
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+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/vocabulary"
+ }
+ ]
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+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#InformativenessBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
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+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
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+ "@language": "en",
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+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
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+ {
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+ "@value": "Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Informativeness Bias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AIBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-18"
+ }
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+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
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+ }
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+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Bias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "AI Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#serialisation-html",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
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+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
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+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
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+ }
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+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
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+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/specification"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AutomationBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
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+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
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+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
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+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
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+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
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+ }
+ ],
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+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Data Aggregation Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AlgorithmSelectionBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Algorithm Selection Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#AIBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Engineering Decision Bias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#ModelBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#EngineeringDecisionBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Model Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#serialisation-n3",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/n3"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai.n3"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/vocabulary"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DistributedTrainingBias",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class",
+ "https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#RiskConcept"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor": [
+ {
+ "@value": "Daniel Doherty"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [
+ {
+ "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date",
+ "@value": "2024-09-13"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/source": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "accepted"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#DataBias"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#bias-classes"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel": [
+ {
+ "@language": "en",
+ "@value": "Distributed Training Bias"
+ }
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#serialisation-ttl",
+ "@type": [
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/ResourceDescriptor"
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/conformsTo": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/format": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/turtle"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://purl.org/dc/terms/title": [
+ {
+ "@value": "AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasArtifact": [
+ {
+ "@id": "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai/ai.ttl"
+ }
+ ],
+ "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/hasRole": [
+ {
+ "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/role/vocabulary"
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.n3 b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.n3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35c4852cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.n3
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+@prefix ai: .
+@prefix bibo: .
+@prefix dct: .
+@prefix foaf: .
+@prefix owl: .
+@prefix profile: .
+@prefix rdf: .
+@prefix rdfs: .
+@prefix risk: .
+@prefix role: .
+@prefix schema: .
+@prefix skos: .
+@prefix sw: .
+@prefix vann: .
+@prefix xsd: .
+
+ai:AIBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-18"^^xsd:date ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader risk:Bias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "AI Bias"@en .
+
+ai:AlgorithmSelectionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Algorithm Selection Bias"@en .
+
+ai:AutomationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader risk:CognitiveBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Automation Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DataAggregationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Aggregation Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DataBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:AIBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DistributedTrainingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Distributed Training Bias"@en .
+
+ai:EngineeringDecisionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:AIBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Engineering Decision Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias"@en .
+
+ai:FeatureEngineeringBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Feature Engineering Bias"@en .
+
+ai:HyperparameterTuningBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Hyperparameter Tuning Bias"@en .
+
+ai:InformativenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Informativeness Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en .
+
+ai:MissingFeaturesAndLabelsBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Missing Features And Labels Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias"@en .
+
+ai:ModelBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Bias"@en .
+
+ai:ModelExpressivenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:ModelInteractionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Expressiveness Bias"@en .
+
+ai:ModelInteractionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Interaction Bias"@en .
+
+ai:NonRepresentativeSamplingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Non-Representative Sampling Bias"@en .
+
+ a owl:Ontology,
+ profile:Profile ;
+ dct:bibliographicCitation "Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) -- Version 2. Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Beatriz Esteves, Georg P. Krog, Paul Ryan, Delaram Golpayegani, Julian Flake https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13426" ;
+ dct:conformsTo "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core" ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:creator "Delaram Golpayegani"@en,
+ "Harshvardhan J. Pandit"@en ;
+ dct:description "Extension to the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) providing concepts for representing information about AI technologies"@en ;
+ dct:identifier "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai" ;
+ dct:issued "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:license ;
+ dct:publisher ;
+ dct:source ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts"@en ;
+ bibo:doi "10.5281/zenodo.12505841" ;
+ bibo:status "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/draft" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "ai" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#" ;
+ rdfs:Label "AI"@en ;
+ owl:versionIRI ;
+ owl:versionInfo "2.1-dev" ;
+ profile:hasResource ai:serialisation-html,
+ ai:serialisation-jsonld,
+ ai:serialisation-n3,
+ ai:serialisation-rdf,
+ ai:serialisation-ttl,
+ ,
+ ,
+ ;
+ profile:isProfileOf rdfs:,
+ skos:,
+ ;
+ foaf:logo ;
+ schema:version "2.1-dev" .
+
+ai:serialisation-html a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - HTML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:specification .
+
+ai:serialisation-jsonld a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai:serialisation-n3 a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai:serialisation-rdf a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo rdf: ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - RDF/XML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai:serialisation-ttl a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Examples for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Guides for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Primer for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ai:bias-classes a skos:ConceptScheme .
+
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.rdf b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.rdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3e77d479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.rdf
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Data Bias
+ Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts
+ http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/draft
+ AI
+ Extension to the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) providing concepts for representing information about AI technologies
+ 2024-05-31
+ 2024-05-31
+ Delaram Golpayegani
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit
+ 2.1-dev
+ 2.1-dev
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/ai
+ http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema
+ http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core
+ 10.5281/zenodo.12505841
+ Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) -- Version 2. Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Beatriz Esteves, Georg P. Krog, Paul Ryan, Delaram Golpayegani, Julian Flake https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13426
+
+
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+ ai
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - HTML serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+ Automation Bias
+ Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Non-Representative Sampling Bias
+ Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hyperparameter Tuning Bias
+ Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+ Missing Features And Labels Bias
+ Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples
+
+ If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Distributed Training Bias
+ Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Algorithm Selection Bias
+ Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Feature Engineering Bias
+ Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Data Aggregation Bias
+ Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Model Interaction Bias
+ Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Technology Concepts - RDF/XML serialiation
+
+
+
+
+
+ Model Bias
+ Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Model Expressiveness Bias
+ Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias
+ Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases
+
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Informativeness Bias
+ Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data
+
+ This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Engineering Decision Bias
+ Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features
+
+ Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias
+ ISO/IEC 24027:2021
+ 2024-09-13
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AI Bias
+ Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system
+
+ 2024-09-18
+ accepted
+ Daniel Doherty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Guides for Data Privacy Vocabulary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Primer for Data Privacy Vocabulary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Examples for Data Privacy Vocabulary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.ttl b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.ttl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35c4852cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2.1-dev/ai/modules/bias.ttl
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+@prefix ai: .
+@prefix bibo: .
+@prefix dct: .
+@prefix foaf: .
+@prefix owl: .
+@prefix profile: .
+@prefix rdf: .
+@prefix rdfs: .
+@prefix risk: .
+@prefix role: .
+@prefix schema: .
+@prefix skos: .
+@prefix sw: .
+@prefix vann: .
+@prefix xsd: .
+
+ai:AIBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-18"^^xsd:date ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader risk:Bias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias associated with development, use, or other activities involving an AI technology or system"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "AI Bias"@en .
+
+ai:AlgorithmSelectionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the selection of machine learning algorithms built into the AI system which introduce unwanted bias in predictions made by the system because the type of algorithm used introduces a variation in the performance of the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Algorithm Selection Bias"@en .
+
+ai:AutomationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader risk:CognitiveBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias tha occurs due to propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation, even if it is correct"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Automation Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DataAggregationBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from aggregating data covering different groups of objects that might have different statistical distributions which introduce bias into the data used to train AI systems"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Aggregation Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DataBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:AIBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to unaddressed data properties that lead to AI systems that perform better or worse for different groups"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DataLabelsAndLabellingProcessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to the labelling process itself introducing societal or cognitive biases"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Data Labels And Labelling Process Bias"@en .
+
+ai:DistributedTrainingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to distributed machine having different sources of data that do not have the same distribution of feature space"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Distributed Training Bias"@en .
+
+ai:EngineeringDecisionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:AIBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs due to machine learning model architectures - encompassing all model specifications, parameters and manually designed features"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Engineering Decision Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "Data bias and human cognitive bias can contribute to such bias"@en .
+
+ai:FeatureEngineeringBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from steps such as encoding, data type conversion, dimensionality reduction and feature selection which are subject to choices made by the AI developer and introduce bias in the ML model"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Feature Engineering Bias"@en .
+
+ai:HyperparameterTuningBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from hyperparameters defining how the model is structured and which cannot be directly trained from the data like model parameters, where hyperparameters affect the model functioning and accuracy of the model"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Hyperparameter Tuning Bias"@en .
+
+ai:InformativenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs or some groups, the mapping between inputs present in the data and outputs are more difficult to learn and where a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Informativeness Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "This can happen when some features are highly informative about one group, while a different set of features is highly informative about another group. If this is the case, then a model that only has one feature set available, can be biased against the group whose relationships are difficult to learn from available data"@en .
+
+ai:MissingFeaturesAndLabelsBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when features are missing from individual training samples"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Missing Features And Labels Bias"@en ;
+ skos:scopeNote "If the frequency of missing features is higher for one group than another then this presents another vector for bias"@en .
+
+ai:ModelBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs when ML uses functions like a maximum likelihood estimator to determine parameters, and there is data skew or under-representation present in the data, where the maximum likelihood estimation tends to amplify any underlying bias in the distribution"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Bias"@en .
+
+ai:ModelExpressivenessBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:ModelInteractionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the number and nature of parameters in a model as well as the neural network topology which affect the expressiveness of the model and any feature that affects model expressiveness differently across groups"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Expressiveness Bias"@en .
+
+ai:ModelInteractionBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:EngineeringDecisionBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs from the structure of a model to create biased predictions"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Model Interaction Bias"@en .
+
+ai:NonRepresentativeSamplingBias a rdfs:Class,
+ skos:Concept,
+ risk:RiskConcept ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-09-13"^^xsd:date ;
+ dct:source "ISO/IEC 24027:2021"@en ;
+ rdfs:isDefinedBy ai: ;
+ sw:term_status "accepted"@en ;
+ skos:broader ai:DataBias ;
+ skos:definition "Bias that occurs if a dataset is not representative of the intended deployment environment, where the model learns biases based on the ways in which the data is non-representative"@en ;
+ skos:inScheme ai:bias-classes ;
+ skos:prefLabel "Non-Representative Sampling Bias"@en .
+
+ a owl:Ontology,
+ profile:Profile ;
+ dct:bibliographicCitation "Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) -- Version 2. Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Beatriz Esteves, Georg P. Krog, Paul Ryan, Delaram Golpayegani, Julian Flake https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13426" ;
+ dct:conformsTo "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema",
+ "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core" ;
+ dct:contributor "Daniel Doherty" ;
+ dct:created "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:creator "Delaram Golpayegani"@en,
+ "Harshvardhan J. Pandit"@en ;
+ dct:description "Extension to the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) providing concepts for representing information about AI technologies"@en ;
+ dct:identifier "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai" ;
+ dct:issued "2024-05-31"@en ;
+ dct:license ;
+ dct:publisher ;
+ dct:source ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts"@en ;
+ bibo:doi "10.5281/zenodo.12505841" ;
+ bibo:status "http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/draft" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "ai" ;
+ vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/dpv/ai#" ;
+ rdfs:Label "AI"@en ;
+ owl:versionIRI ;
+ owl:versionInfo "2.1-dev" ;
+ profile:hasResource ai:serialisation-html,
+ ai:serialisation-jsonld,
+ ai:serialisation-n3,
+ ai:serialisation-rdf,
+ ai:serialisation-ttl,
+ ,
+ ,
+ ;
+ profile:isProfileOf rdfs:,
+ skos:,
+ ;
+ foaf:logo ;
+ schema:version "2.1-dev" .
+
+ai:serialisation-html a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - HTML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:specification .
+
+ai:serialisation-jsonld a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - JSON-LD serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai:serialisation-n3 a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - N3 serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai:serialisation-rdf a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo rdf: ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - RDF/XML serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ai:serialisation-ttl a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "AI Technology Concepts - Turtle serialiation" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:vocabulary .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Examples for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Guides for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ a profile:ResourceDescriptor ;
+ dct:conformsTo ;
+ dct:format ;
+ dct:title "Primer for Data Privacy Vocabulary" ;
+ profile:hasArtifact ;
+ profile:hasRole role:guidance .
+
+ai:bias-classes a skos:ConceptScheme .
+
diff --git a/2.1-dev/risk/index-en.html b/2.1-dev/risk/index-en.html
index 4bef40b04..239452705 100644
--- a/2.1-dev/risk/index-en.html
+++ b/2.1-dev/risk/index-en.html
@@ -2099,6 +2099,117 @@ Financial
risk:Reward: Something that acts as or provides rewards i.e. a benefit given for some service or activity that is not a payment or fee
go to full definition
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bias
+ Note: These are intended to represent bias concepts in general e.g. applicable for any technology. The AI extension contains an additional set of concepts that extend these concepts to represent biases that are specific to the development and use of AI.
+
+ -
+ risk:CognitiveBias: Bias that occurs when humans are processing and interpreting information
+ go to full definition
+
+ -
+ risk:ConfirmationBias: Bias that occurs when hypotheses, regardless of their veracity, are more likely to be confirmed by the intentional or unintentional interpretation of information
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:GroupAttributionBias: Bias that occurs when a human assumes that what is true for an individual or object is also true for everyone, or all objects, in that group
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:ImplicitBias: Bias that occurs when a human makes an association or assumption based on their mental models and memories
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:InGroupBias: Bias that occurs when showing partiality to one's own group or own characteristics
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:OutGroupHomogeneityBias: Bias that occurs when seeing out-group members as more alike than in-group members when comparing attitudes, values, personality traits, and other characteristics
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:RequirementsBias: Bias that occurs in or during requirements creation
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:RuleBasedSystemDesign: Bias that occurs due to developer experience and expert advice having a significant influence on rule-based system design
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:SocietalBias: Bias that occurs when similiar cognitive bias (conscious or unconscious) is being held by many individuals in society
+ go to full definition
+
+
+
+
+ -
+ risk:DataBias: Bias that occurs when data properties that if unaddressed lead to systems that perform better or worse for different groups
+ go to full definition
+
+ -
+ risk:DataAggregationBias: Bias that occurs when aggregating data covering different groups of objects has different statistical distributions that introduce bias into the data
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:DataProcessingBias: Bias that occurs due to pre-processing (or post-processing) of data, even though the original data would not have led to any bias
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:SimpsonsParadoxBias: Bias that occurs when a trend that is indicated in individual groups of data reverses when the groups of data are combined
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:StatisticalBias: Bias that occurs as the type of consistent numerical offset in an estimate relative to the true underlying value, inherent to most estimates
+ go to full definition
+
+ -
+ risk:ConfoundingVariablesBias: Bias that occurs as a confounding variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable causing a spurious association
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:NonNormalityBias: Bias that occurs when the dataset is subject to a different (i.e. non-normal) distribution (e.g., Chi-Square, Beta, Lorentz, Cauchy, Weibull or Pareto) where the results can be biased and misleading
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:SelectionBias: Bias that occurs when a dataset's samples are chosen in a way that is not reflective of their real-world distribution
+ go to full definition
+
+ -
+ risk:CoverageBias: Bias that occurs when a population represented in a dataset does not match the actual or real population that are being used
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:NonResponseBias: Bias that occurs when people from certain groups opt-out of surveys at different rates than users from other groups. This is also called as Participation bias
+ go to full definition
+
+
+ -
+ risk:SamplingBias: Bias that occurs when data records are not collected randomly from the intended population
+ go to full definition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@ -3631,6 +3742,84 @@ Benefit
+
+ Bias
+
+
+
+ Term |
+ Bias |
+ Prefix |
+ risk |
+
+
+ Label |
+ Bias |
+
+
+ IRI |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Bias |
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
+
+
+
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:RiskConcept
+ |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Definition |
+ Bias is defined as the systematic difference in treatment of certain objects, people, or groups in comparison to others |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Source |
+ |
+
+
+
+
+
+ Date Created |
+ 2024-09-13 |
+
+
+
+ Contributors |
+ Daniel Doherty |
+
+
+
+
+ See More: |
+ section BIAS in AI
+ |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Blackmail
@@ -4056,6 +4245,84 @@ Coercion
+
+
+
+
Compensation
@@ -4643,47 +4910,41 @@ Confidentiality Incident
-
- Consequence Control
+
+ Confirmation Bias
Term |
- ConsequenceControl |
+ ConfirmationBias |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Consequence Control |
+ Confirmation Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ConsequenceControl |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ConfirmationBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:RiskControl
- → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
- → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
+ | risk:CognitiveBias
+ → risk:Bias
+ → risk:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
- dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
- risk:hasControl
- |
-
+
@@ -4692,31 +4953,34 @@ Consequence Control
Definition |
- Risk Mitigation Measure that controls the Consequences |
+ Bias that occurs when hypotheses, regardless of their veracity, are more likely to be confirmed by the intentional or unintentional interpretation of information |
-
+
+ Source |
+ |
+
Date Created |
- 2024-05-19 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Daniel Doherty |
See More: |
- section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
+ | section BIAS in RISK
|
@@ -4725,47 +4989,42 @@ Consequence Control
-
- Containment Control
+
+ Confounding Variables Bias
Term |
- ContainmentControl |
+ ConfoundingVariablesBias |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Containment Control |
+ Confounding Variables Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ContainmentControl |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ConfoundingVariablesBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:RiskControl
- → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
- → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
+ | risk:StatisticalBias
+ → risk:DataBias
+ → risk:Bias
+ → risk:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
- dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
- risk:hasControl
- |
-
+
@@ -4774,28 +5033,34 @@ Containment Control
Definition |
- Control to contain event |
+ Bias that occurs as a confounding variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable causing a spurious association |
-
+
+ Source |
+ |
+
Date Created |
- 2024-05-19 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
-
+
+ Contributors |
+ Daniel Doherty |
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
+ | section BIAS in RISK
|
@@ -4804,40 +5069,47 @@ Containment Control
-
- Copyright Violation
+
+ Consequence Control
Term |
- CopyrightViolation |
+ ConsequenceControl |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Copyright Violation |
+ Consequence Control |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#CopyrightViolation |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ConsequenceControl |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:LegalRisk
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:RiskControl
+ → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
+ risk:hasControl
+ |
+
@@ -4846,28 +5118,22 @@ Copyright Violation
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Copyright Violation |
+ Risk Mitigation Measure that controls the Consequences |
-
- Source |
- ENISA Reference Incident Classification Taxonomy 2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -4876,52 +5142,54 @@ Copyright Violation
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
|
-
-
-
- Cross-Border Incident
+
+
+ Containment Control
Term |
- CrossBorderIncident |
+ ContainmentControl |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Cross-Border Incident |
+ Containment Control |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#CrossBorderIncident |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ContainmentControl |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:Incident
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:RiskControl
+ → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
Object of relation |
- risk:hasIncident
+ | dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
+ risk:hasControl
|
@@ -4932,7 +5200,7 @@ Cross-Border Incident
Definition |
- Incident involving cross-border or multiple jurisdictions |
+ Control to contain event |
@@ -4953,7 +5221,7 @@ Cross-Border Incident
See More: |
- section INCIDENT in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
|
@@ -4962,23 +5230,23 @@ Cross-Border Incident
-
- Cryptojacking
+
+
+
-
- Damage
+
+ Coverage Bias
Term |
- Damage |
+ CoverageBias |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Damage |
+ Coverage Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Damage |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#CoverageBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:LegalRisk
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:SelectionBias
+ → risk:StatisticalBias
+ → risk:DataBias
+ → risk:Bias
+ → risk:RiskConcept
|
@@ -5088,34 +5358,34 @@ Damage
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Damage |
+ Bias that occurs when a population represented in a dataset does not match the actual or real population that are being used |
-
+
+ Source |
+ |
+
Date Created |
- 2022-03-30 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Daniel Doherty |
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section BIAS in RISK
|
@@ -5123,54 +5393,44 @@ Damage
-
-
- Data Breach
+
+ Cross-Border Incident
Term |
- DataBreach |
+ CrossBorderIncident |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Data Breach |
+ Cross-Border Incident |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DataBreach |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#CrossBorderIncident |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:SecurityBreach
- → risk:AvailabilityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:SecurityBreach
- → risk:ConfidentialityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:SecurityBreach
- → risk:IntegrityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:SecurityBreach
- → risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
+ | risk:Incident
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ risk:hasIncident
+ |
+
@@ -5179,40 +5439,28 @@ Data Breach
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Data Breach |
+ Incident involving cross-border or multiple jurisdictions |
-
- Examples |
- dex:E0069 :: Using DPV and RISK extension to represent incidents dex:E0071 :: Using risk controls to express how tech/org measures address the risk |
-
- Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in DEX
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -5221,23 +5469,23 @@ Data Breach
-
- Data Corruption
+
+ Cryptojacking
Term |
- DataCorruption |
+ Cryptojacking |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Data Corruption |
+ Cryptojacking |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DataCorruption |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Cryptojacking |
@@ -5249,10 +5497,10 @@ Data Corruption
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:IntegrityConcept
+ | risk:AvailabilityConcept
|
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
+ | risk:ExternalSecurityThreat
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -5266,19 +5514,16 @@ Data Corruption
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Corruption of Data |
+ Something that acts as or causes Cryptojacking |
-
- Usage Note |
- This concept was called "Corruption Data" in DPV 2.0 |
-
+
Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+ ENISA Threat Landscape 2021 |
@@ -5307,44 +5552,41 @@ Data Corruption
-
- Deliberate Incident
+
+
+ Damage
Term |
- DeliberateIncident |
+ Damage |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Deliberate Incident |
+ Damage |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DeliberateIncident |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Damage |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:Incident
+ | risk:LegalRisk
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- risk:hasIncident
- |
-
+
@@ -5353,7 +5595,7 @@ Deliberate Incident
Definition |
- Incident caused due to deliberate actions of a human |
+ Something that acts as or causes Damage |
@@ -5366,15 +5608,21 @@ Deliberate Incident
Date Created |
- 2024-05-19 |
+ 2022-03-30 |
-
-
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
+
+ Contributors |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+
See More: |
- section INCIDENT in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
|
@@ -5383,39 +5631,37 @@ Deliberate Incident
-
- Denial of Service Attack (DoS)
+
+ Data Aggregation Bias
Term |
- DenialServiceAttack |
+ DataAggregationBias |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Denial of Service Attack (DoS) |
+ Data Aggregation Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DenialServiceAttack |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DataAggregationBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:AvailabilityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ExternalSecurityThreat
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:DataBias
+ → risk:Bias
+ → risk:RiskConcept
|
@@ -5428,7 +5674,7 @@ Denial of Service Attack (DoS)
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Denial of Service Attack (DoS) |
+ Bias that occurs when aggregating data covering different groups of objects has different statistical distributions that introduce bias into the data |
@@ -5437,28 +5683,25 @@ Denial of Service Attack (DoS)
Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+ |
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Daniel Doherty |
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section BIAS in RISK
|
@@ -5467,47 +5710,40 @@ Denial of Service Attack (DoS)
-
- Detection Control
+
+ Data Bias
Term |
- DetectionControl |
+ DataBias |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Detection Control |
+ Data Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DetectionControl |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DataBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:RiskControl
- → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
- → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
+ | risk:Bias
+ → risk:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
- dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
- risk:hasControl
- |
-
+
@@ -5516,28 +5752,34 @@ Detection Control
Definition |
- Control to detect event |
+ Bias that occurs when data properties that if unaddressed lead to systems that perform better or worse for different groups |
-
+
+ Source |
+ |
+
Date Created |
- 2024-05-19 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
-
+
+ Contributors |
+ Daniel Doherty |
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
+ | section BIAS in RISK
|
@@ -5546,23 +5788,23 @@ Detection Control
-
- Detriment
+
+ Data Breach
Term |
- Detriment |
+ DataBreach |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Detriment |
+ Data Breach |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Detriment |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DataBreach |
@@ -5574,7 +5816,20 @@ Detriment
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:LegalRisk
+ | risk:SecurityBreach
+ → risk:AvailabilityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:SecurityBreach
+ → risk:ConfidentialityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:SecurityBreach
+ → risk:IntegrityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:SecurityBreach
+ → risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -5588,20 +5843,26 @@ Detriment
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Detriment |
+ Something that acts as or causes Data Breach |
+
+ Examples |
+ dex:E0069 :: Using DPV and RISK extension to represent incidents dex:E0071 :: Using risk controls to express how tech/org measures address the risk |
-
+
+ Source |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+
Date Created |
- 2022-03-23 |
+ 2022-08-17 |
Date Modified |
@@ -5609,13 +5870,13 @@ Detriment
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Julian Flake, Georg P. Krog, Fajar Ekaputra, Beatriz Esteves |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in DEX
|
@@ -5624,23 +5885,23 @@ Detriment
-
- Discrimination
+
+ Data Corruption
Term |
- Discrimination |
+ DataCorruption |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Discrimination |
+ Data Corruption |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Discrimination |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DataCorruption |
@@ -5652,7 +5913,10 @@ Discrimination
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:SocietalRisk
+ | risk:IntegrityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -5666,20 +5930,26 @@ Discrimination
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Discrimination |
+ Something that acts as or causes Corruption of Data |
-
+
+ Usage Note |
+ This concept was called "Corruption Data" in DPV 2.0 |
+
-
+
+ Source |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-19 |
+ 2022-08-17 |
Date Modified |
@@ -5687,7 +5957,7 @@ Discrimination
Contributors |
- Georg P. Krog |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -5702,39 +5972,37 @@ Discrimination
-
- Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS)
+
+ Data Processing Bias
Term |
- DistributedDenialServiceAttack |
+ DataProcessingBias |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) |
+ Data Processing Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DistributedDenialServiceAttack |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DataProcessingBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:AvailabilityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ExternalSecurityThreat
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:DataBias
+ → risk:Bias
+ → risk:RiskConcept
|
@@ -5747,7 +6015,7 @@ Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS)
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) |
+ Bias that occurs due to pre-processing (or post-processing) of data, even though the original data would not have led to any bias |
@@ -5756,28 +6024,25 @@ Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS)
Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+ |
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Daniel Doherty |
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section BIAS in RISK
|
@@ -5785,23 +6050,23 @@ Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS)
-
- Environmental Incident
+
+ Deliberate Incident
Term |
- EnvironmentalIncident |
+ DeliberateIncident |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Environmental Incident |
+ Deliberate Incident |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EnvironmentalIncident |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DeliberateIncident |
@@ -5831,7 +6096,7 @@ Environmental Incident
Definition |
- Incident caused due to environmental factors outside human controls |
+ Incident caused due to deliberate actions of a human |
@@ -5861,23 +6126,23 @@ Environmental Incident
-
- Environmental Risk
+
+ Denial of Service Attack (DoS)
Term |
- EnvironmentalRisk |
+ DenialServiceAttack |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Environmental Risk |
+ Denial of Service Attack (DoS) |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EnvironmentalRisk |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DenialServiceAttack |
@@ -5889,7 +6154,11 @@ Environmental Risk
Broader/Parent types |
- dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:AvailabilityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:ExternalSecurityThreat
+ → dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -5902,20 +6171,32 @@ Environmental Risk
Definition |
- Risks and issues that have their origin in environment or can affect the environment at large |
+ Something that acts as or causes Denial of Service Attack (DoS) |
-
+
+ Source |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+
-
-
-
+
+ Date Created |
+ 2022-08-17 |
+
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
+
+ Contributors |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+
@@ -5929,43 +6210,47 @@ Environmental Risk
-
- Equipment Failure
+
+ Detection Control
Term |
- EquipmentFailure |
+ DetectionControl |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Equipment Failure |
+ Detection Control |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EquipmentFailure |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DetectionControl |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:AvailabilityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:RiskControl
+ → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
+ risk:hasControl
+ |
+
@@ -5974,40 +6259,28 @@ Equipment Failure
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Equipment Failure |
+ Control to detect event |
-
- Usage Note |
- Here equipment refers to physical equipment |
-
+
-
- Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
|
@@ -6016,23 +6289,23 @@ Equipment Failure
-
- Equipment Malfunction
+
+ Detriment
Term |
- EquipmentMalfunction |
+ Detriment |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Equipment Malfunction |
+ Detriment |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EquipmentMalfunction |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Detriment |
@@ -6044,10 +6317,7 @@ Equipment Malfunction
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:AvailabilityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
+ | risk:LegalRisk
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -6061,26 +6331,20 @@ Equipment Malfunction
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Equipment Malfunction |
+ Something that acts as or causes Detriment |
-
- Usage Note |
- Here equipment refers to physical equipment |
-
+
-
- Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2022-03-23 |
Date Modified |
@@ -6088,7 +6352,7 @@ Equipment Malfunction
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Julian Flake, Georg P. Krog, Fajar Ekaputra, Beatriz Esteves |
@@ -6103,23 +6367,23 @@ Equipment Malfunction
-
- Erroneous System Use
+
+ Discrimination
Term |
- ErroneousSystemUse |
+ Discrimination |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Erroneous System Use |
+ Discrimination |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ErroneousSystemUse |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Discrimination |
@@ -6131,7 +6395,7 @@ Erroneous System Use
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:UserRisks
+ | risk:SocietalRisk
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -6145,23 +6409,20 @@ Erroneous System Use
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Erroneous System Use |
+ Something that acts as or causes Discrimination |
-
- Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2022-08-19 |
Date Modified |
@@ -6169,7 +6430,7 @@ Erroneous System Use
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Georg P. Krog |
@@ -6184,25 +6445,23 @@ Erroneous System Use
-
-
-
- Exposure to Harmful Speech
+
+ Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS)
Term |
- ExposureToHarmfulSpeech |
+ DistributedDenialServiceAttack |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Exposure to Harmful Speech |
+ Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ExposureToHarmfulSpeech |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#DistributedDenialServiceAttack |
@@ -6214,7 +6473,10 @@ Exposure to Harmful Speech
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:SocietalRisk
+ | risk:AvailabilityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:ExternalSecurityThreat
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -6228,19 +6490,16 @@ Exposure to Harmful Speech
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Harmful Speech |
+ Something that acts as or causes Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) |
-
- Usage Note |
- This concept was called "HarmfulSpeech" in DPV 2.0 |
-
+
Source |
- ENISA Reference Incident Classification Taxonomy 2018 |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
@@ -6269,40 +6528,44 @@ Exposure to Harmful Speech
-
-
- External Security Threat
+
+ Environmental Incident
Term |
- ExternalSecurityThreat |
+ EnvironmentalIncident |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- External Security Threat |
+ Environmental Incident |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ExternalSecurityThreat |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EnvironmentalIncident |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:Incident
+ → dpv:RiskConcept
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ risk:hasIncident
+ |
+
@@ -6311,7 +6574,7 @@ External Security Threat
Definition |
- Concepts associated with security threats that are likely to originate externally |
+ Incident caused due to environmental factors outside human controls |
@@ -6322,14 +6585,17 @@ External Security Threat
-
+
+ Date Created |
+ 2024-05-19 |
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -6338,23 +6604,23 @@ External Security Threat
-
- Extorsion
+
+ Environmental Risk
Term |
- Extorsion |
+ EnvironmentalRisk |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Extorsion |
+ Environmental Risk |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Extorsion |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EnvironmentalRisk |
@@ -6366,11 +6632,7 @@ Extorsion
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ConfidentialityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ExternalSecurityThreat
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -6383,32 +6645,20 @@ Extorsion
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Extorsion |
+ Risks and issues that have their origin in environment or can affect the environment at large |
-
- Source |
- ENISA Threat Taxonomy 2016 |
-
+
-
- Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
-
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
+
+
@@ -6422,44 +6672,43 @@ Extorsion
-
- Extremely High Likelihood
+
+ Equipment Failure
Term |
- ExtremelyHighLikelihood |
+ EquipmentFailure |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Extremely High Likelihood |
+ Equipment Failure |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ExtremelyHighLikelihood |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EquipmentFailure |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:Likelihood |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7LikelihoodLevels
- → dpv:Likelihood
+ | risk:AvailabilityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
+ → dpv:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:hasLikelihood
- |
-
+
@@ -6468,25 +6717,31 @@ Extremely High Likelihood
Definition |
- Level where Likelihood is Extremely High |
+ Something that acts as or causes Equipment Failure |
Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.99 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
+ Here equipment refers to physical equipment |
-
+
+ Source |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2022-08-17 |
-
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -6495,7 +6750,7 @@ Extremely High Likelihood
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
|
@@ -6504,44 +6759,43 @@ Extremely High Likelihood
-
- Extremely High Risk
+
+ Equipment Malfunction
Term |
- ExtremelyHighRisk |
+ EquipmentMalfunction |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Extremely High Risk |
+ Equipment Malfunction |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ExtremelyHighRisk |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#EquipmentMalfunction |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskLevel |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7RiskLevels
- → dpv:RiskLevel
+ | risk:AvailabilityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
+ → dpv:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:hasRiskLevel
- |
-
+
@@ -6550,25 +6804,31 @@ Extremely High Risk
Definition |
- Level where Risk is Extremely High |
+ Something that acts as or causes Equipment Malfunction |
Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.99 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
+ Here equipment refers to physical equipment |
-
+
+ Source |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2022-08-17 |
-
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -6577,7 +6837,7 @@ Extremely High Risk
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
|
@@ -6586,44 +6846,40 @@ Extremely High Risk
-
- Extremely High Severity
+
+ Erroneous System Use
Term |
- ExtremelyHighSeverity |
+ ErroneousSystemUse |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Extremely High Severity |
+ Erroneous System Use |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ExtremelyHighSeverity |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ErroneousSystemUse |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:Severity |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7SeverityLevels
- → dpv:Severity
+ | risk:UserRisks
+ → dpv:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:hasSeverity
- |
-
+
@@ -6632,25 +6888,28 @@ Extremely High Severity
Definition |
- Level where Severity is Extremely High |
+ Something that acts as or causes Erroneous System Use |
-
- Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.99 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
-
+
-
+
+ Source |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2022-08-17 |
-
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -6659,7 +6918,7 @@ Extremely High Severity
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
|
@@ -6668,23 +6927,261 @@ Extremely High Severity
-
- Extremely Low Likelihood
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Extremely High Likelihood
+
+
+
+ Term |
+ ExtremelyHighLikelihood |
+ Prefix |
+ risk |
+
+
+ Label |
+ Extremely High Likelihood |
+
+
+ IRI |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ExtremelyHighLikelihood |
@@ -6714,11 +7211,11 @@ Extremely Low Likelihood
Definition |
- Level where Likelihood is Extremely Low |
+ Level where Likelihood is Extremely High |
Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.01 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
+ The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.99 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
@@ -6750,42 +7247,1372 @@ Extremely Low Likelihood
-
- Extremely Low Risk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Harm
+
+
+
+ Term |
+ Harm |
+ Prefix |
+ risk |
+
+
+ Label |
+ Harm |
+
+
+ IRI |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Harm |
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+
+
+
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:IndividualRisk
+ |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Definition |
+ Something that acts as or causes Harm to humans |
+
+
+ Usage Note |
+ This concept refers to the general abstract notion of harm |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Date Created |
+ 2022-08-13 |
+
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
+
+ Contributors |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+
+
+
+
+ See More: |
+ section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ |
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Identification Control
+
+
+
+ Term |
+ IdentificationControl |
+ Prefix |
+ risk |
+
+
+ Label |
+ Identification Control |
+
+
+ IRI |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IdentificationControl |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskLevel |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7RiskLevels
- → dpv:RiskLevel
+ | risk:RiskControl
+ → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
Object of relation |
- dpv:hasRiskLevel
+ | dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
+ risk:hasControl
|
@@ -6796,12 +8623,9 @@ Extremely Low Risk
Definition |
- Level where Risk is Extremely Low |
+ Control to identify characteristics of event |
-
- Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.01 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
-
+
@@ -6812,18 +8636,15 @@ Extremely Low Risk
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
|
@@ -6832,44 +8653,43 @@ Extremely Low Risk
-
- Extremely Low Severity
+
+ Identity Fraud
Term |
- ExtremelyLowSeverity |
+ IdentityFraud |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Extremely Low Severity |
+ Identity Fraud |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ExtremelyLowSeverity |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IdentityFraud |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:Severity |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7SeverityLevels
- → dpv:Severity
+ | risk:ConfidentialityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
+ → dpv:RiskConcept
|
-
- Object of relation |
- dpv:hasSeverity
- |
-
+
@@ -6878,25 +8698,28 @@ Extremely Low Severity
Definition |
- Level where Severity is Extremely Low |
+ Something that acts as or causes Identity Fraud |
-
- Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.01 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
-
+
-
+
+ Source |
+ ENISA Threat Taxonomy 2016 |
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2022-08-17 |
-
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -6905,7 +8728,7 @@ Extremely Low Severity
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
|
@@ -6914,23 +8737,23 @@ Extremely Low Severity
-
- Fee
+
+ Identity Theft
Term |
- Fee |
+ IdentityTheft |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Fee |
+ Identity Theft |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Fee |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IdentityTheft |
@@ -6942,7 +8765,10 @@ Fee
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:FinancialImpact
+ | risk:ConfidentialityConcept
+ |
+ Broader/Parent types |
+ risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
→ dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -6956,7 +8782,7 @@ Fee
Definition |
- Something that acts as or provides fees e.g. for using a service |
+ Something that acts as or causes Identity Theft |
@@ -6965,14 +8791,14 @@ Fee
Source |
- |
+ ENISA Threat Taxonomy 2016 |
Date Created |
- 2024-04-14 |
+ 2022-08-17 |
Date Modified |
@@ -6980,7 +8806,7 @@ Fee
Contributors |
- Georg P. Krog, Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -6995,23 +8821,23 @@ Fee
-
- Financial Impact
+
+ Illegal Data Processing
Term |
- FinancialImpact |
+ IllegalDataProcessing |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Financial Impact |
+ Illegal Data Processing |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#FinancialImpact |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IllegalDataProcessing |
@@ -7023,7 +8849,8 @@ Financial Impact
Broader/Parent types |
- dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:LegalRisk
+ → dpv:RiskConcept
|
@@ -7036,20 +8863,35 @@ Financial Impact
Definition |
- Things that cause or have the potential to impact financial resources |
+ Something that acts as or causes Illegal Processing of Data |
-
+
+ Usage Note |
+ This concept was called "IllegalProcessingData" in DPV 2.0 |
+
-
+
+ Source |
+ ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+
-
-
-
+
+ Date Created |
+ 2022-08-17 |
+
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
+
+ Contributors |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+
@@ -7063,40 +8905,47 @@ Financial Impact
-
- Financial Loss
+
+ Impact Control
Term |
- FinancialLoss |
+ ImpactControl |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Financial Loss |
+ Impact Control |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#FinancialLoss |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ImpactControl |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:FinancialImpact
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:RiskControl
+ → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
+ risk:hasControl
+ |
+
@@ -7105,28 +8954,22 @@ Financial Loss
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Financial Loss which may be actual loss of existing financial assets or hypothetical loss of financial opportunity |
+ Risk Mitigation Measure that controls Impacts |
-
- Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -7135,7 +8978,7 @@ Financial Loss
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
|
@@ -7144,39 +8987,37 @@ Financial Loss
-
- Fraud
+
+ Implicit Bias
Term |
- Fraud |
+ ImplicitBias |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Fraud |
+ Implicit Bias |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Fraud |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ImplicitBias |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskConcept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ConfidentialityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ExternalSecurityThreat
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:CognitiveBias
+ → risk:Bias
+ → risk:RiskConcept
|
@@ -7189,7 +9030,7 @@ Fraud
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Fraud |
+ Bias that occurs when a human makes an association or assumption based on their mental models and memories |
@@ -7198,28 +9039,25 @@ Fraud
Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
+ |
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-09-13 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Daniel Doherty |
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section BIAS in RISK
|
@@ -7227,47 +9065,41 @@ Fraud
-
-
- Halt Source
+
+ Incident
Term |
- HaltSource |
+ Incident |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Halt Source |
+ Incident |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#HaltSource |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Incident |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:SourceControl
- → risk:RiskControl
- → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
- → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
+ | dpv:RiskConcept
|
Object of relation |
- dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
- dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
- risk:hasControl
+ | risk:hasIncident
|
@@ -7278,10 +9110,16 @@ Halt Source
Definition |
- Control that halts the risk source or prevents it from materialising |
+ An actual or occured event |
+
+ Usage Note |
+ Incident is realised or materialised risk |
+
-
+
+ Examples |
+ dex:E0069 :: Using DPV and RISK extension to represent incidents dex:E0070 :: Indicating personal data involved in an incident |
@@ -7291,59 +9129,73 @@ Halt Source
Date Created |
- 2024-05-19 |
+ 2024-02-14 |
-
+
+ Date Modified |
+ 2024-08-16 |
+
Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
+ Rob Brennan, Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Delaram Golpayegani, Julio Fernandez |
See More: |
- section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
+ | section CORE in DEX
+ , section INCIDENT in DEX
|
+
+
-
-
- Harm
+
+ Incident Assessment Report
Term |
- Harm |
+ IncidentAssessmentReport |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Harm |
+ Incident Assessment Report |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Harm |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentAssessmentReport |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:IndividualRisk
+ | risk:IncidentReport
+ → dpv:RecordsOfActivities
+ → dpv:OrganisationalMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ dpv:hasOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:hasRecordOfActivity,
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
+ |
+
@@ -7352,12 +9204,9 @@ Harm
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Harm to humans |
+ A report describing the assessment of an incident in terms of its effects or impacts |
-
- Usage Note |
- This concept refers to the general abstract notion of harm |
-
+
@@ -7368,21 +9217,15 @@ Harm
Date Created |
- 2022-08-13 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -7391,60 +9234,44 @@ Harm
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- High Likelihood
+
+ Incident Concluded
Term |
- HighLikelihood |
+ IncidentConcluded |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- High Likelihood |
+ Incident Concluded |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#HighLikelihood |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentConcluded |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:Likelihood |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:IncidentStatus |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:3LikelihoodLevels
- → dpv:Likelihood
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:5LikelihoodLevels
- → dpv:Likelihood
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7LikelihoodLevels
- → dpv:Likelihood
+ | risk:IncidentStatus
+ → dpv:Status
+ → dpv:Context
|
Object of relation |
- dpv:hasLikelihood
+ | dpv:hasContext,
+ dpv:hasStatus
|
@@ -7455,12 +9282,9 @@ High Likelihood
Definition |
- Level where Likelihood is High |
+ The incident has stopped or finished or concluded without any active mitigation and with a low likelihood of resuming or recurring |
-
- Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.75 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
-
+
@@ -7471,7 +9295,7 @@ High Likelihood
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2024-02-14 |
@@ -7482,7 +9306,7 @@ High Likelihood
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT-STATUS in RISK
|
@@ -7490,51 +9314,46 @@ High Likelihood
-
-
- High Risk
+
+ Incident Concluding Report
Term |
- HighRisk |
+ IncidentConcludingReport |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- High Risk |
+ Incident Concluding Report |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#HighRisk |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentConcludingReport |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskLevel |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:3RiskLevels
- → dpv:RiskLevel
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:5RiskLevels
- → dpv:RiskLevel
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7RiskLevels
- → dpv:RiskLevel
+ | risk:IncidentReport
+ → dpv:RecordsOfActivities
+ → dpv:OrganisationalMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
Object of relation |
- dpv:hasRiskLevel
+ | dpv:hasOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:hasRecordOfActivity,
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
@@ -7545,12 +9364,9 @@ High Risk
Definition |
- Level where Risk is High |
+ A report describing the conclusion of an investigation regarding a Incident where all relevant facts are known |
-
- Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.75 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
-
+
@@ -7561,18 +9377,15 @@ High Risk
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -7580,51 +9393,46 @@ High Risk
-
-
- High Severity
+
+ Incident Detection Report
Term |
- HighSeverity |
+ IncidentDetectionReport |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- High Severity |
+ Incident Detection Report |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#HighSeverity |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentDetectionReport |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:Severity |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:3SeverityLevels
- → dpv:Severity
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:5SeverityLevels
- → dpv:Severity
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:7SeverityLevels
- → dpv:Severity
+ | risk:IncidentReport
+ → dpv:RecordsOfActivities
+ → dpv:OrganisationalMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
Object of relation |
- dpv:hasSeverity
+ | dpv:hasOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:hasRecordOfActivity,
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
@@ -7635,12 +9443,9 @@ High Severity
Definition |
- Level where Severity is High |
+ A report describing the detection of a Incident |
-
- Usage Note |
- The suggested quantitative value for this concept is 0.75 on a scale of 0 to 1 |
-
+
@@ -7651,18 +9456,15 @@ High Severity
Date Created |
- 2022-08-18 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
See More: |
- section RISK-LEVELS in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -7671,40 +9473,46 @@ High Severity
-
- Human Errors
+
+ Incident Halted
Term |
- HumanErrors |
+ IncidentHalted |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Human Errors |
+ Incident Halted |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#HumanErrors |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentHalted |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:IncidentStatus |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:UserRisks
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:IncidentStatus
+ → dpv:Status
+ → dpv:Context
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ dpv:hasContext,
+ dpv:hasStatus
+ |
+
@@ -7713,28 +9521,22 @@ Human Errors
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Human Errors |
+ The incident has halted or paused with a high likelihood of resuming or recurring |
-
- Source |
- ENISA Reference Incident Classification Taxonomy 2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-02-14 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -7743,7 +9545,7 @@ Human Errors
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT-STATUS in RISK
|
@@ -7751,46 +9553,46 @@ Human Errors
-
-
- Identification Control
+
+ Incident Handling Report
Term |
- IdentificationControl |
+ IncidentHandlingReport |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Identification Control |
+ Incident Handling Report |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IdentificationControl |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentHandlingReport |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:RiskControl
- → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
+ | risk:IncidentReport
+ → dpv:RecordsOfActivities
+ → dpv:OrganisationalMeasure
→ dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
Object of relation |
- dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
- dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
- risk:hasControl
+ | dpv:hasOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:hasRecordOfActivity,
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
@@ -7801,7 +9603,7 @@ Identification Control
Definition |
- Control to identify characteristics of event |
+ A report describing the response to or handling of an incident regarding the mitigation of its effects and the prevention of its recurrence |
@@ -7822,7 +9624,7 @@ Identification Control
See More: |
- section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -7830,41 +9632,33 @@ Identification Control
-
-
- Identity Fraud
+
+ Incident Identifier
Term |
- IdentityFraud |
+ IncidentIdentifier |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Identity Fraud |
+ Incident Identifier |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IdentityFraud |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentIdentifier |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
-
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ConfidentialityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
- → dpv:RiskConcept
- |
+
@@ -7876,37 +9670,28 @@ Identity Fraud
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Identity Fraud |
+ Identifier associated with an incident |
-
- Source |
- ENISA Threat Taxonomy 2016 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -7914,44 +9699,51 @@ Identity Fraud
-
-
- Identity Theft
+
+ Incident Impact Assessment
Term |
- IdentityTheft |
+ IncidentImpactAssessment |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Identity Theft |
+ Incident Impact Assessment |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IdentityTheft |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentImpactAssessment |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:ConfidentialityConcept
- |
- Broader/Parent types |
- risk:OperationalSecurityRisk
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | dpv:ImpactAssessment
+ → dpv:RiskAssessment
+ → dpv:Assessment
+ → dpv:OrganisationalMeasure
+ → dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ dpv:hasAssessment,
+ dpv:hasImpactAssessment,
+ dpv:hasOrganisationalMeasure,
+ dpv:hasRiskAssessment,
+ dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
+ |
+
@@ -7960,28 +9752,22 @@ Identity Theft
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Identity Theft |
+ An impact assessment associated with a incident |
-
- Source |
- ENISA Threat Taxonomy 2016 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-05-19 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -7990,7 +9776,7 @@ Identity Theft
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -7999,40 +9785,46 @@ Identity Theft
-
- Illegal Data Processing
+
+ Incident Mitigated
Term |
- IllegalDataProcessing |
+ IncidentMitigated |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Illegal Data Processing |
+ Incident Mitigated |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IllegalDataProcessing |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentMitigated |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, dpv:RiskConcept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:IncidentStatus |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:LegalRisk
- → dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:IncidentStatus
+ → dpv:Status
+ → dpv:Context
|
-
+
+ Object of relation |
+ dpv:hasContext,
+ dpv:hasStatus
+ |
+
@@ -8041,31 +9833,22 @@ Illegal Data Processing
Definition |
- Something that acts as or causes Illegal Processing of Data |
+ The incident has been mitigated against future recurrences i.e. a measure has been applied to prevent the same or similar incident from recurring |
-
- Usage Note |
- This concept was called "IllegalProcessingData" in DPV 2.0 |
-
+
-
- Source |
- ISO/IEC 27005:2018 |
-
+
Date Created |
- 2022-08-17 |
+ 2024-02-14 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
@@ -8074,7 +9857,7 @@ Illegal Data Processing
See More: |
- section RISK-CONSEQUENCES in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT-STATUS in RISK
|
@@ -8082,37 +9865,35 @@ Illegal Data Processing
-
-
- Impact Control
+
+ Incident Mitigation Measure
Term |
- ImpactControl |
+ IncidentMitigationMeasure |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Impact Control |
+ Incident Mitigation Measure |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#ImpactControl |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentMitigationMeasure |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:RiskControl |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:RiskControl
- → dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
+ | dpv:RiskMitigationMeasure
→ dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
@@ -8120,8 +9901,7 @@ Impact Control
Object of relation |
dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure,
- dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure,
- risk:hasControl
+ dpv:isMitigatedByMeasure
|
@@ -8132,7 +9912,7 @@ Impact Control
Definition |
- Risk Mitigation Measure that controls Impacts |
+ A mitigation measure taken in response specifically to mitigate an incident and prevent it from occurring again |
@@ -8148,15 +9928,12 @@ Impact Control
2024-05-19 |
-
- Contributors |
- Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
-
+
See More: |
- section RISK-CONTROLS in RISK
+ | section INCIDENT in RISK
|
@@ -8164,41 +9941,45 @@ Impact Control
-
- Incident
+
+
+ Incident Near Miss
Term |
- Incident |
+ IncidentNearMiss |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Incident |
+ Incident Near Miss |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#Incident |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentNearMiss |
Type |
- rdfs:Class, skos:Concept |
+ rdfs:Class, skos:Concept, risk:IncidentStatus |
Broader/Parent types |
- dpv:RiskConcept
+ | risk:IncidentStatus
+ → dpv:Status
+ → dpv:Context
|
Object of relation |
- risk:hasIncident
+ | dpv:hasContext,
+ dpv:hasStatus
|
@@ -8209,16 +9990,10 @@ Incident
Definition |
- An actual or occured event |
+ The state where an incident was almost successful in taking place i.e. "it came very close" |
-
- Usage Note |
- Incident is realised or materialised risk |
-
-
- Examples |
- dex:E0069 :: Using DPV and RISK extension to represent incidents dex:E0070 :: Indicating personal data involved in an incident |
+
@@ -8228,48 +10003,42 @@ Incident
Date Created |
- 2024-05-19 |
+ 2024-02-14 |
-
- Date Modified |
- 2024-08-16 |
-
+
Contributors |
- Rob Brennan, Harshvardhan J. Pandit, Delaram Golpayegani, Julio Fernandez |
+ Harshvardhan J. Pandit |
See More: |
- section CORE in DEX
- , section INCIDENT in DEX
+ | section INCIDENT-STATUS in RISK
|
-
-
-
- Incident Assessment Report
+
+ Incident Notice
Term |
- IncidentAssessmentReport |
+ IncidentNotice |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Incident Assessment Report |
+ Incident Notice |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentAssessmentReport |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentNotice |
@@ -8281,8 +10050,7 @@ Incident Assessment Report
Broader/Parent types |
- risk:IncidentReport
- → dpv:RecordsOfActivities
+ | dpv:Notice
→ dpv:OrganisationalMeasure
→ dpv:TechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
@@ -8290,8 +10058,8 @@ Incident Assessment Report
Object of relation |
- dpv:hasOrganisationalMeasure,
- dpv:hasRecordOfActivity,
+ | dpv:hasNotice,
+ dpv:hasOrganisationalMeasure,
dpv:hasTechnicalOrganisationalMeasure
|
@@ -8303,7 +10071,7 @@ Incident Assessment Report
Definition |
- A report describing the assessment of an incident in terms of its effects or impacts |
+ Notice associated with an Incident |
@@ -8333,23 +10101,23 @@ Incident Assessment Report
-
- Incident Concluded
+
+ Incident Ongoing
Term |
- IncidentConcluded |
+ IncidentOngoing |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Incident Concluded |
+ Incident Ongoing |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentConcluded |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentOngoing |
@@ -8381,7 +10149,7 @@ Incident Concluded
Definition |
- The incident has stopped or finished or concluded without any active mitigation and with a low likelihood of resuming or recurring |
+ The incident is ongoing i.e. still active |
@@ -8413,23 +10181,23 @@ Incident Concluded
-
- Incident Concluding Report
+
+ Incident Ongoing Report
Term |
- IncidentConcludingReport |
+ IncidentOngoingReport |
Prefix |
risk |
Label |
- Incident Concluding Report |
+ Incident Ongoing Report |
IRI |
- https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentConcludingReport |
+ https://w3id.org/dpv/risk#IncidentOngoingReport |
@@ -8463,7 +10231,7 @@ Incident Concluding Report
Definition |
- A report describing the conclusion of an investigation regarding a Incident where all relevant facts are known |
+ A report describing on ongoing investigation regarding a Incident where facts and extent of the investigation are being investigated |
@@ -8492,23 +10260,23 @@ Incident Concluding Report
-
- Incident Detection Report
+
+ Incident Preliminary Report