FIve-Card & Kabu stuff

bibliography.yaml

@@ -11541,3 +11541,89 @@ RamessideQueensTombs:
   container-title: ARCE
   URL: https://arce.org/project/ramesside-queens-tombs-heather-lee-mccarthy/
   archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20231006033037/https://arce.org/project/ramesside-queens-tombs-heather-lee-mccarthy/
+GamblingNearTheZoologicalGardens:
+  type: article-newspaper
+  title: Bristol Police Court — Gambling Near The Zoological Gardens
+  page: 3
+  URL: https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-bristol-times-and-mirror-gambling/133667359/
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20231018201935/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-bristol-times-and-mirror-gambling/133667359/
+  in:
+    title: Daily Bristol Times and Mirror
+    volume: 96
+    issue: 5096
+    publisher-place: Bristol, Avon, England
+    issued:
+      day: 13
+      month: 8
+      year: 1867
+HunterGatherersState:
+  type: thesis
+  title: 'Hunter-Gatherers and the State: The Economic Anthropology of the Gunwinggu of North Australia'
+  author:
+  - given: Jon C.
+    family: Altman
+  genre: PhD thesis
+  publisher: Australian National University
+  publisher-place: Canberra, ACT, Australia
+  URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116808
+  issued:
+    month: 4
+    year: 1982
+GamblingHardWork:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: 'Gambling is Hard Work: Card Playing in Tiwi Society'
+  author:
+  - given: Jane C.
+    family: Goodale
+  URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40330990
+  page: 6-21
+  in:
+    title: Oceania
+    issued:
+      month: 9
+      year: 1987
+    volume: 58
+    issue: 1
+WhatsTheBigDeal:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: 'What’s the big deal?: Aboriginal gambling in the Kimberley region'
+  author:
+  - given: Ernest M.  
+    family: Hunter
+  - given: Randolph M.
+    family: Spargo
+  page: 668-672
+  URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120817.x
+  in: 
+    title: The Medical Journal of Australia
+    volume: 149
+    issue: 12
+    issued:
+      month: 12
+      year: 1988
+CardGamesToPokerMachines:
+  type: thesis
+  title: 'From card games to poker machines: Gambling in remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory'
+  URL: https://ris.cdu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/22703608/Thesis_CDU_40111_Fogarty_M.pdf
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20231019034200/https://ris.cdu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/22703608/Thesis_CDU_40111_Fogarty_M.pdf
+  author:
+  - given: Marisa Annetta
+    family: Fogarty
+  genre: PhD thesis
+  publisher: The Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University
+  issued:
+    year: 2013
+    month: 8
+    day: 31
+  publisher-place: Haymarket, NSW, Australia
+IndonesianIdioms:
+  type: book
+  title: 'Indonesian Idioms and Expressions: Colloquial Indeonesian at Work'
+  author:
+  - given: Christopher
+    family: Torchia
+  ISBN: '9780804838733'
+  publisher: Tuttle Publishing
+  publisher-place: Singapore
+  issued: 2007
+

generate_maps.ps1

@@ -108,4 +108,4 @@ function GenerateCountryMap {
 # GenerateCountryMap "Euchre" @("AU", "NZ", "CK", "FJ", "TO", "US", "CA", "GB") -rotate 210
 
 # provinces speaking Telugu, Kannada, Tamil
-GenerateProvinceMap "LambsAndTigers" @("IN-AP", "IN-TG", "IN-KA", "IN-TN") -offset 200
+# GenerateProvinceMap "LambsAndTigers" @("IN-AP", "IN-TG", "IN-KA", "IN-TN") -offset 200

src/about.md

@@ -96,9 +96,7 @@ The main fonts are [Inter by Rasmus Andersson](https://rsms.me/inter/) (body tex
 [Vollkorn by Friedrich Althausen](http://vollkorn-typeface.com/) (headings).
 -->
 
-[UniHentaiKana](https://wakufactory.jp/densho/font/hentai/) is used as a
-fallback font for <span lang="ja-Latn">hentaigana</span> characters. It is
-licensed under the [IPA Font License](https://opensource.org/licenses/IPA).
+[UniHentaiKana](https://wakufactory.jp/densho/font/hentai/) is used as a fallback font for <span lang="ja-Latn">hentaigana</span> characters. It is licensed under the [IPA Font License](https://opensource.org/licenses/IPA).
 
 [BabelStone Commons](https://www.babelstone.co.uk/Fonts/) by Andrew West is used to indicate licensing information. It is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://scripts.sil.org/OFL).
 
@@ -109,21 +107,14 @@ The playing-card font is [NKD04 by Umihotaru](https://umihotaru.work/). It has a
 
 The playing-card font is a custom one that is based upon Chris Aguilar’s open source [Vector Playing Cards](https://totalnonsense.com/open-source-vector-playing-cards/), which are licensed under the LGPL 3.0. My modifications are also licensed under the same license.
 
-Noto Naksh is used for Arabic and Persian and other related scripts. It is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://scripts.sil.org/OFL).
+[Noto Naksh](https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Naskh+Arabic) is used for Arabic and Persian and other related scripts. It is licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://scripts.sil.org/OFL).
 
-The chess-piece font is [NKS30 by Umihotaru](https://booth.pm/ja/items/1949217).
-It is a commercial font.
+The chess-piece font is [NKS30 by Umihotaru](https://booth.pm/ja/items/1949217).  It is a commercial font.
 
-The inline SVG dice images were made by me using [NKS02 by
-Umihotaru](https://umihotaru.booth.pm/items/1949118).
+The inline SVG dice images were made by me using [NKS02 by Umihotaru](https://umihotaru.booth.pm/items/1949118).
 
-The font used for other emoji not covered by fonts mentioned above is [Noto
-Emoji](https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Emoji/about), licensed under
-the [SIL Open Font
-License 1.1](https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=OFL).
+The font used for other emoji not covered by fonts mentioned above is [Noto Emoji](https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Emoji/about), licensed under the [SIL Open Font License 1.1](https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=OFL).
 
-The font used for ISBN numbers is [OCR-B produced by Matthew
-Skala](https://tsukurimashou.osdn.jp/ocr.php.en), and released under GPL version
-3 (with an exception for using the font in documents).
+The font used for ISBN numbers is [OCR-B produced by Matthew Skala](https://tsukurimashou.osdn.jp/ocr.php.en), and released under GPL version 3 (with an exception for using the font in documents).
 
 </article>

src/articles/cards/ceki/index.md

@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ Timor<br/>(1876)[@HetMaleischderMolukken]
 
 <tr>
 <th scope="row" class="sticky-left border-end table-light">{% image noborder=true hidden=true cram=true size="small" src="DS1.jpg;KS1.jpg;OS1.jpg;NS1.jpg;CS1.jpg" alt=";;;;" %}1 Strings{% imageEnd %}</th>
-<td><span lang="ms">yu panjang</span> or <span lang="ms">yu burung</span><br />long or bird ace</td>
+<td><span lang="ms">yu panjang</span> or <span lang="ms">yu burung</span><br />long or bird ace. In Indonesian, bird is also slang for penis.[@IndonesianIdioms p. 62]</td>
 <td><span lang="mcm">pau</span><br/>club</td>
 <td><span lang="min">hiu panjang</span><br />long shark</td>
 <!-- Java -->
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ Timor<br/>(1876)[@HetMaleischderMolukken]
 <!-- Bali -->
 <td><span lang="ban">mer</span><br />[unknown]</td>
 <td><span lang="ban">mer</span></td>
-<td><span lang="ban">klenténg</span><br/>Chinese temple</td>
+<td><span lang="ban">klenténg</span><br/>Chinese temple (onomatopœic: bells)[@IndonesianIdioms p. 160]</td>
 <td><span lang="ban">pengka</span></td>
 <td><span lang="ban">mer</span></td>
 <td><span lang="ban">mer</span></td>
@@ -1568,9 +1568,9 @@ Timor<br/>(1876)[@HetMaleischderMolukken]
 <td><span lang="ban">kelepok</span></td>
 <td><span lang="ban">kelepok</span></td>
 <!-- Borneo -->
-<td><span lang="bjn">pecah</span></td>
+<td><span lang="bjn">pecah</span><br/>broken?</td>
 <!-- Sulawesi -->
-<td><span lang="id">dukun</span></td>
+<td><span lang="id">dukun</span><br/><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukun">a shaman</a></td>
 <!-- Maluku -->
 <td><span lang="id">picah kapala</span></td>
 <!-- Timor -->

src/articles/glossary.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Payment made to the owner of a gambling establishment, as a fixed fee per game o
 - This is possibly from the Chinese <span lang="zh">筒</span> (Hokkien: <span lang="nan-Latn">tông</span>), a round thing, a barrel or can (in which to place the payments). As a verb it means to place or put in.
 - In Javan usage the <span lang="jav-Latn">tong</span> was the glass in which the contributions to the gaming house (called <span lang="jav">ꦕꦸꦕꦸꦏ꧀</span> <span lang="jav-Latn">cucuk</span> or <span lang="jav">ꦕꦸꦏ꧀</span> <span lang="jav-Latn">cuk</span>) are placed.[@JavaanseKaartspelen p. 4]
 - In Thai it is <span lang="th">ต๋ง</span> (<span lang="th-Latn">tong</span>).
-- Also used in Australia amongst Aboriginal groups who play {% gameref kuns %}.[@ANoteOnKuns p. 42]
+- Also used in Australia amongst Aboriginal groups who play {% gameref kuns %}.[@ANoteOnKuns p. 42][@WhatsTheBigDeal p. 668]
 </dd>
 
 </dl>

src/game-names-index.11ty.ts

@@ -30,13 +30,16 @@ async function findNames(coll: any[], refs: Map<Name, any>) {
 // in particular, 3-letter codes are under-supported
 const nameOverrides = new Map<string, string>([
     ["cmn", "Mandarin Chinese"],
+    ["gup", "Bininj Kunwok"],
     ["kew", "Kewa (West)"],
     ["kxd", "Kedayan"],
     ["mbw", "Maring"],
     ["mcm", "Malaccan Creole Portuguese"],
     ["mfa", "Pattani Malay"],
     ["mnr", "Mono"],
     ["rng", "Rongo"],
+    ["stv", "Siltʼe"],
+    ["tiw", "Tiwi"],
     ["urh", "Urhobo"],
     ["wni", "Comorian"], // Ndzwani
 ]);

src/games/five-card/index.md

@@ -2,6 +2,34 @@
 title: Five Card
 draft: true
 equipment: Playing cards (Standard)
+subgames:
+- title: Bullfighting
+  originalTitle: <span lang="yue">鬥牛</span>
 ---
 
+<p class="lead">
+<span class="aka">Five Card</span> is a game that is similar to {%gameref oicho-kabu%}. It is played both in Japan, where it probably originated, as well as amongst Aboriginal people in the north of Australia.
+</p>
+
+The name is given with various local pronunciations as <span lang="tiw">paipkad</span>[@GamblingHardWork p. 13] or <span>bayb kad</span>.[@EthnographicPsychology p. 271]
+
+The Australian game is almost certainly — like other <span lang="ja-Latn">kabu</span> games played in the Northern Territories — derived from a Japanese game. In the 1970s, @EthnographicPsychology [p. 272] reported that people living at [Barunga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barunga,_Northern_Territory){%fn%}Formerly ‘Bamyili’.{%endfn%} said that they had been taught the game by a [Tiwi person](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwi_people) from [Bathurst Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst_Island_(Northern_Territory)) during their stay at Tandangal in 1949–51. @GamblingHardWork [p. 11] reported seeing versions of the game amongst the Tiwi people on [Melville Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melville_Island_(Northern_Territory)) in the 1950s. Japanese pearlers had been operating off the coasts of the Tiwi islands since the early 20th century.
+
+Strong linguistic evidence for the Japanese origin of the Aboriginal game is the name used by the [Kunwinjku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunwinjku_people){%fn%}Formerly ‘Gunwinggu’.{%endfn%} people,[@HunterGatherersState p. 291] or other groups around [Maningrida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maningrida,_Northern_Territory),[@CardGamesToPokerMachines p. 101] where this five-card variant of the game is called <span lang="gup" class="aka">butakat</span> or <span class="aka" lang="gup">buta</span>. This is not a Kunwinjku term,{%fn%}Kunwinjku numbers are easily identifiable and work on a base-5 system; the word for five is <span lang="gup">kunbidkudji</span>.{%endfn%} but the slang word for ‘zero’ amongst Japanese gamblers (see the {%gameref oicho-kabu%} article for more on Japanese terminology), and relates to an important aspect of the game.
+
+In Japan it now known as <span lang="ja" class="aka">五枚株</span> (<span lang="ja-Latn" class="aka">gomai kabu</span>, ‘five card <span lang="ja-Latn">kabu</span>’).
+
 See: @EthnographicPsychology
+
+@GamblingHardWork [p. 14]
+
+{%fn%}@CardGamesAmongAborigines also says that the Chinese name of the game is said to be <span lang="zh-Latn">luk luk fāt</span>. I have not been able to find a Chinese game under this name yet, but it could be something along the lines of <span lang="zh">碌碌發</span>, with a Cantonese pronunciation.<!-- Could this be the source of the "sticks" game given in some places? -->{%endfn%}
+
+@CardGamesAmongAborigines [p. 250]  Also called "putkad" or "tent" (10).
+
+
+## <span class="aka">Bullfighting</span>
+
+The equivalent game played with Chinese dominoes is known as Bullfighting (<span lang="yue" class="aka">鬥牛</span>, Cantonese: <span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping" class="aka">dau³ ngau⁴</span>).{%fn%}This is often transliterated <span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping" class="aka">Tau Ngau</span>. I think also that perhaps <span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">ngau⁴</span> (<span lang="yue">牛</span>) ‘bull’ is a pun on <span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">ngau⁵</span> (<span lang="yue">偶</span>) ‘pair’, so that the original name of the game is really ‘comparing pairs’.{%endfn%} It can also be played with domino cards or mahjong tiles, and has been played throughout Malaysia.[@GamblingGamesOfMalaya p. 88] It remains illegal in Singapore except as part of social gambling.[@SingaporeGamesOfChanceAndSkill]
+
+It is possible that the Chinese game is the original source of the Japanese one, but it is not clear at this point.

src/games/kuns/index.md

@@ -7,3 +7,7 @@ equipment: Playing cards (Standard)
 See: @ANoteOnKuns
 
 Also called ‘Guns’[@ThatGameOfGuns]
+
+Also called ‘Ten High’ in Milikapiti (Tiwi people).[@GamblingHardWork p. 11]
+
+Also ‘cunce’.[@WhatsTheBigDeal p. 668]

src/games/oicho-kabu/index.md

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ subgames:
 Countries where the game has been played.
 {% imageEnd %}
 
-The game originated in Japan, but has surprisingly also been seen played amongst Aboriginal communities in the northern parts of Australia — particularly by [Larrakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larrakia_people) people around Darwin — , apparently having been transferred there by Japanese sailors working in the pearl industry.[@NoteOnAMissingLink][@CardGamesAmongAborigines] A <span class="noun" lang="ja-Latn">Nintendō</span> advertising poster from the early 20th century also indicates that their cards were being exported to Australia.  In Australia the game was played with standard “international” playing cards.
+The game originated in Japan, probably based upon some now-lost Portuguese game, but has surprisingly also been seen played amongst Aboriginal communities in the northern parts of Australia (particularly by [Larrakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larrakia_people) people around Darwin), apparently having been transferred there by Japanese sailors working in [the pearl industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearling_in_Western_Australia).[@NoteOnAMissingLink][@CardGamesAmongAborigines] A <span class="noun" lang="ja-Latn">Nintendō</span> advertising poster from the early 20th century also indicates that their cards were being exported to Australia.  In Australia the game was played with standard “international” playing cards.
 
 The same game was reported under the name <span lang="pis">kura</span> in the Solomon Islands in the 1970s,[@EthnographicPsychology p. 271]{%fn%}The word also seems to apply to gambling in general.{%endfn%} and it is still played there to this day.[@IllegalCardGamesToBeBanned]
 
-In Papua New Guinea it is known as <span lang="tpi">kawu</span> — clearly derived from the Japanese name.[@ThreeMoreNewGuineanCardGames p. 54]{%fn%}It is worth noting that in the article @ThreeMoreNewGuineanCardGames the author’s informant definitely knows more about the history of the game; it is not “almost certainly European in origin”!{%endfn%} Further versions of this game — of which there are many — are called <span lang="tpi">laki</span> (‘lucky’),[@ThreeNativeCardGames p. 50] and some variants are described below.  More extreme variations are described in their own article.
+In Papua New Guinea it has been called <span lang="tpi">kawu</span> — clearly derived from the Japanese name.[@ThreeMoreNewGuineanCardGames p. 54]{%fn%}It is worth noting that in the article @ThreeMoreNewGuineanCardGames the author’s informant definitely knows more about the history of the game; it is not “almost certainly European in origin”!{%endfn%} Further versions of this game — of which there are many — are called <span lang="tpi">laki</span> (‘lucky’),[@ThreeNativeCardGames p. 50] and some variants are described below.  More extreme variations are described in their own article: {%gameref laki%}.
 
 <!-- derived from a Chinese game called luk luk faat? 祿祿發 luk6 luk6 baat3 (or 路?)
 or maybe this is 668?

src/games/under-seven-over-seven/index.md

@@ -26,6 +26,4 @@ An under/over seven staking layout, from @KernanCatalogue [p. 19].
 
 In some versions of the game, there is also a bet labelled ‘7’, which wins and pays out 3∶1 or 4∶1 if the proprietor rolls 7. The house edge on this bet at a 4∶1[@UndersAndOvers] payout is the same as the other bets; at 3∶1[@SharpsAndFlats p. 246] it is a huge 33.33%.
 
-In the past, staking layouts were sometimes labelled “O.S.”, “U.S.”, and “S.”,
-perhaps to make the game less obvious to police.[@USOS] Another labelling scheme
-is simply “O”, “U”, and “7”.[@CompleteHoyle97]
+In the past, staking layouts were sometimes labelled “O.S.”, “U.S.”, and “S.”, perhaps to make the game less obvious to police.[@USOS] Another labelling scheme is simply “O”, “U”, and “7”.[@GamblingNearTheZoologicalGardens][@CompleteHoyle97]

src/sass/text.scss

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ span[lang]:not(.noun):is( // Italicize all *-Latn languages:
   /* Gaelic */
   [lang|=gsw],
   /* Swiss German */
+  [lang|=gup],
+  /* Bininj Kunwok */
   [lang|=haw],
   /* Hawaiian */
   [lang|=hu],
@@ -90,6 +92,8 @@ span[lang]:not(.noun):is( // Italicize all *-Latn languages:
   /* seSotho */
   [lang|=sv],
   /* Swedish */
+  [lang|=tiw],
+  /* Tiwi */
   [lang|=tn],
   /* Tswana */
   [lang|=to],